ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The vehicle for propofol in 1 and 2% solutions is soybean oil emulsion 10%, which may cause pain on injection, instability of the solution and bacterial contamination. Formulations have been proposed aiming to change the vehicle and reduce these adverse reactions. OBJECTIVES: To compare the incidence of pain caused by the injection of propofol, with a hypothesis of reduction associated with nanoemulsion and the occurrence of local and systemic adverse effects with both formulations. METHOD: After approval by the CEP, patients undergoing gynecological procedures were included in this prospective study: control (n = 25) and nanoemulsion (n = 25) groups. Heart rate, noninvasive blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation were monitored. Demographics and physical condition were analyzed; surgical time and total volume used of propofol; local or systemic adverse effects; changes in variables monitored. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: There was no difference between groups regarding demographic data, surgical times, total volume of propofol used, arm withdrawal, pain during injection and variables monitored. There was a statistically significant difference in pain intensity at the time of induction of anesthesia, with less pain intensity in the nanoemulsion group. CONCLUSIONS: Both lipid and nanoemulsion formulations of propofol elicited pain on intravenous injection; however, the nanoemulsion solution elicited a less intense pain. Lipid and nanoemulsion propofol formulations showed neither hemodynamic changes nor adverse effects of clinical relevance.
RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: O veículo do propofol em soluções a 1 e 2% é a emulsão de óleo de soja a 10%, que pode provocar dor à injeção, instabilidade da solução e contaminação bacteriana. Formulações foram propostas com o objetivo de alterar o veículo e reduzir essas reações adversas. OBJETIVOS: Comparar a incidência de dor à injeção do propofol com a hipótese de redução associada à nanoemulsão e a ocorrência de efeitos adversos locais e sistêmicos com as duas formulações. MÉTODO: Após aprovação pelo Conselho de Ética em Pesquisa, foram incluídos neste estudo prospectivo pacientes submetidas a procedimentos cirúrgicos ginecológicos: grupos controle (n = 25) e nanoemulsão (n = 25). Foram monitorados frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial não invasiva e saturação periférica de oxigênio. Foram analisados dados demográficos e estado físico; tempo cirúrgico e volume total usado de propofol; efeitos adversos locais ou sistêmicos; alterações nas variáveis de monitoramento. Considerou-se significativo valor de p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os grupos em relação a: dados demográficos, tempos cirúrgicos, volume total usado de propofol, retirada do braço, presença de dor durante a injeção e variáveis de monitoramento. Verificou-se diferença estatística significativa na intensidade da dor no momento da indução da anestesia, com menor intensidade no grupo nanoemulsão. CONCLUSÕES: Ambas as formulações de propofol, lipídica e em nanoemulsão, elicitaram dor à injeção venosa, porém a solução de nanoemulsão promoveu dor em menor intensidade. O propofol lipídico e o propofol em nanoemulsão não apresentaram alterações hemodinâmicas e efeitos adversos de relevância clínica.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pain/prevention & control , Polyethylene Glycols/pharmacology , Stearic Acids/pharmacology , Soybean Oil/pharmacology , Propofol/pharmacology , Lecithins/pharmacology , Anesthesia, General , Prospective Studies , Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacology , Emulsions , Injections, Intravenous/adverse effectsABSTRACT
In order to investigate the pharmacokinetics of propofol, 8 adult patients, ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ, scheduled for elective operation under general anesthesia,served as the subjects. After the injection bolus of propofol 2mg?kg~_(-1) was given, the venous blood samples were taken at various times to measure the plasma concentrations of propofol by high performance liquid chromatography. The data were analysed using PKBP-NI program. The results showed that the disposition of propofol was mathematically described by three compartment open motile, the distribution was rapid and extensive with slow balance among three compartments,and the eliminative duration was short. It is indicated that propofol is applicable for both induction and maintenance of anesthesia.
ABSTRACT
To observe correlation between the cerebral blood flow (CBF)and plasma concentration of propofol. Method: Twenty two patients, ASA grade I, were given propofol 2mg/kg. Before and after the administra tion, the velocity of MCA(middle cerebral artery), PI(pulsaltility index) and RI(resistance index) were tested simultaneously, and the plasma concentration of propofol were measured with high performance liquid chromatography. Resuit: The mean velocity of MCA(Vmca)decreased significantly and RI increased after propofol administration(P